Bolt and nut fastening.



v H. e. GILLMOR. BOLT AND NUT FASTENING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 2,-1805.

Patented May 30, 1911.

FICIJP.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HORATIO G. GILLMOR, F BATH, MAINE.

BOLT AND NUT FASTENING.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HonA'no ,G. GILLMOR, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bath, in the county of Sagadahoc, in the State of Maine,have invented a new and useful Bolt and Nut Fastening, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The object of my invention is to so construct the nuts used with boltthat they may be more cheaply and rapidly produced, the nuts morequickly applied and so locked when screwed up as to prevent thefastening from loosening. These objects I attain in the followingmanner, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in whichFigures 1 and 2 are, respectively, a side view, partly in section, and aplan view of the bolt, nut and washer, illustrating my improvedfastening. Fig. 3 is a side view, partly in section, illustrating amodified form of my improved fastening. Figs. 4 and 5 are, respectively,a side view, partly in section, and a plan view, illustrating anothermodified form of my improved fastening adapted to the rapid temporarysecuring of structural or other materials. Fig. 6 is a perspective viewof the nut seg ment used in the form of my invention illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2. Figs. 7 and are,

' in Figs. 4 and 5. Figs. 8 and 9 are, respectively, perspective viewsof the locking chair and nut segment used in the modified form of myimproved fastening illustrated in Fig. 3.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

A, A, etc., are nut segments having segmental female threads T, T, etc.

D, D, etc., are bolts having corresponding male threads T T etc.,adapted to engage with the segmental threads T, T, of the nut segments.

C, C, etc., are washers or chairs having apertures O, permitting them tobe traversed by the bolt and surfaces B 13 etc., so arranged that, whenthe. nut segments are in place with their threads T, etc., engaging inthe usual way the threads T T etc., of the bolts, they engage withsurfaces B, B, etc., of the nut segments, and hold the nut segments inplace with their threads in engagement with the threads of the bolt.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 2, 1905.

Patented May '30, 1911.

Serial No. 276,870.

E, E, etc., are recesses or apertures formed in the nut segments toreceive keys K, K, etc., of any form to prevent movement of the nutsegments with reference to the bolt.

With the usual form of nut in one piece it is necessary to apply the nutby starting the thread of the nut and then revolving the nut about thebolt axis until the head of the bolt and a face of the nut are broughtinto contact with the materials to be secured by the fastening. Withthreads of the form usually employed, the stress upon the threads as thenut is tightened to draw the materials together may be considered asmade up of two components, one parallel to the axis of the bolt and oneat right angles to this axis. These latter forces tend to tear the nutapart along a diametral plane; and, were it formed in segments, would,by forcing the segments apart, disengage the threads of the nut fromthose of the bolt.

In my invention the nut is made up of segments; and, to take these sidestresses tending to disengage the threads as the nut is set up; thesegments are so formed that they interlock with the washer or lookingchair employed with them, in such a manner that these side stresses aretaken by the washers or looking chair and the segments retained in placewith their threads in engagement with the threads of the bolt. Toaccomplish this the nut segments may be given a great variety of forms,three of which have been illustrated in the drawings. WVhen it isdesired that the nut segments shall be employed with washers, as in Fig.1; they are formed with shoulders which will have locking contact withthe washer upon the conical or cylindrical surfaces bounding the openingin the washer, so as to permit the nut to turn independently of thewasher, while held with the threads in proper engagement with thethreads of the bolt; so permitting the washer to perform its customarypurpose, in reducing fIICtIOII and increasing bearing surface,whileperforming its important service of retaining the nut segments withtheir threads in engagement with the threads of the bolt. When it isdesired to lock the nut segments by means of an element (whichI havedeslgnated for purposes of descrlption as a locking chair) moving withand virtually forming part of a composite nut; the nut segment andlocking chair may be given a great variety of forms (two of which Figs.3, 4t and 5 illustrate); it being only necessary that the side stressestending to force the threads of the bolt and nut segments out ofengagement be transmitted to and taken by the locking chair so that thenut segments are held in place to do their work.

It is obvious that a single nut segment, with a suitably formed lockingwasher or chair, might be employed, in connection with a bolt, as afastening. Generally, however, it is preferred to use a greater portionof the circumference of the bolt and it is a feature of my inventionthat the fastening is made of segments, preferably two in number, whichare exact duplicates of and absolutely interchangeable with one anotherso that any two segments taken at random from the segments of any onesize and form may, with a suitable locking chain or washer, be employedfor the fastening. I attain this by making the segmental female threadsof the half nuts absolutely symmetrical about the plane through the halfnuts at mid height so that any half nut may be reversed in position upona bolt with out change in the lateral position of its end surfaces withrespect to the axis of the bolt, and by forming the two ends of the halfnuts with surfaces, symmetrical about this same plane, either of whichwill engage with the locking chair or washer to retain the half nuts inposition with their threads engaging with the threads of the bolts. Halfnuts constructed in accordance with this invention will each for anysize and form, be exactly the duplicate of every other not only'as toform and size but as to the exact location and aspect of the segmentalthreads with respect to the end surfaces and any two half nuts taken atrandom when placed opposite one another inengagement with the samethreads of a bolt will have their end surfaces in correspondence so thatthey will engage with the locking chair or washer with the plane face ofthe chair or washer perpendicular to the axis of the bolt. Thisconstruction permits the half nuts to be manufactured in quantity fordistribution and any two such duplicate half nuts with a suitablelockingwasher applied to a bolt makes an efficient fastening.

In the use of bolts and nuts of ordinary form the tendency of the nutsto work loose is a fruitful source of trouble. In my invention Iovercame this by forming the nut seg ments with a recess or recesses asshown at E in the drawings; into which, when the composite nut has beenset up to any desired degree of tightness, a key K may be driven toprevent the relative movement of the nut and bolt which would loosen thefastening. These recesses may be made of any form to suit the form ofkey which it is desired to employ and may be located in the scribedabove.

position shown in the drawings or at any other position. Generally, pinsof rectangular or circular sections would be employed for keys; but thekeys may be given any desired form. Generally, no special preparation ofthe bolt to receive the key will be necessary. The driving of the keywill flatten slightly or cut into the threads of the bolt to form aseating which will hold the key and nut sufficiently to prevent themovement of thenut. When it is desired, however, to provide for more orless frequent removal of the nut; the bolt may be flattened or providedwith a key seat of any form; and the degree of adjustment of tightnessof the nut and bolt secured by providing a number of recesses in the nutsegments into any one of which, when opposite the key seat on the bolt,the key may be driven.

To apply my invention the bolt, D is passed through the openings in thematerials, M, M, to be secured and the opening, O, in the washer orlocking chair, C. One or more nut segments, A, are then placed withtheir segmental threads, T, T, in engagement with the correspondingthreads of the bolt, T T as close to the washer or chair, C asconvenient. When, as will generally be the case, two segments are used,one will be placed in a position inverted with respect to the other, asde- By screwing up on the nut until, B, engages with the washer, C asshown in Fig. 1, or by drawing up the locking chair, C, until itssurfaces, B B engage with the surfaces, B, B, of the nut segments, asillustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the segments are locked in position on thebolt; and the composite fastening so formed may be tightened to anydesired degree by screwing up on the nut in the usual manner.

WVhile my invention is applicable to any of the purposes for which boltsand nuts of ordinary form are employed; it presents special advantageswhen rapid application of nuts without the necessity of screwing on fora considerable length of bolt is desired. This is the case intemporarily securing structural materials for shipbuilding, bridges,steel buildings, etc.; where, on account of thevarying thicknesses ofmaterial,

it is customary to supply temporary bolts of ample length for anycombination of thicknesses. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate an application ofmy invention to such work, and it will be readily seen that the nut maybe so applied that but one or two turns only will be necessary to bringit into contact with the materials. In this application of my invention,the locking chair may be formed with an arm aS shown in Figs. 4, 5 and10, so that the nut may be set upt or loosened by striking the arm witha hammer.

Having described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. A reversible half nut constructed with segmental female threadsadapted to engage with the male threads of a bolt and' hke end surfaces,symmetrical about the plane at mid height of said half nut, adaptedautomatically to engage with suitable surfaces of a locking member, toretain the threads of said half nut in engagement with the threads of abolt under stress in the direction of the axis of the threads upon saidhalf nut, substantially as described.

2. A fastening, including in combination two like reversible half nutshaving segmental female threads held in engagement with the thread of abolt by the automatic engagement of like end surfaces of said half nutswith suitable surfaces of a locking member under the end pressureproduced by screwing said nut upon a bolt, substantially as described.

3. A nut including in combination with a locking chair a reversible nutsegment having segmental female threads symmetrically disposed about theplane at mid height of said nut segment, and having suitably formed endsurfaces, symmetrically disposed about said plane at mid height, eitherof which is adapted to engage with said locking chair in such manner asto retain the threads of said nut segment in engagement with the threadsof a bolt, substantially as described.

4. A nut comprising a locking chair and nut segments each havingsegmental female threads adapted to engage wlth corresponding malethreads of a bolt and end surfaces adapted automatically to so engagewith suitable surfaces of the locking chair when said nut segments areturned upon a bolt as to retain the threads of said nut segments inengagement with the threads of a bolt, substantially as described.

5. A nut comprising reversible nut segments, each having segmentalfemale threads adapted to engage with corresponding male threads of abolt and surfaces, symmetrically disposed about a plane at right anglesto the axis of the said threads, adapted to engage with suitably formedsurfaces of a locking chair; and a locking chair engaging with suitablyformed surfaces of the saidnut segments in such manner as to retain thethreads of the nut segments and bolt in engagement; for substantiallythe purposes set forth.

6. A nut including in combination with a locking washer, twosubstantially like, reversible, half nuts, each having segmental femalethreads adapted to engage with corresponding male threads of a bolt andshoulders, symmetrically disposed about a plane at mid height of saidnut segments at right angles to the axes of the threads thereof, adaptedto engage with said lockmg washer in such manner as to retain thethreads of said half nuts in engagement with the threads of a bolt,substantially as described.

7. A fastening comprising a bolt having male threads; nut segments, eachhaving segmental female threads adapted to engage with the threads ofthe said bolt and approximately plain surfaces approximately parallel tothe axis of the bolt, to which a wrench for turning the nut upon thesaid bolt may be applied; a locking chair traversed by the body of thebolt and engaging with suitably formed surfaces of the nut segments insuch manner as to retain the threads of the nut segments and threads ofthe bolt in engagement; and a key engaging with the said bolt and one ormore of the said nut segments in such manner as to prevent movement ofthe nut with respect to the bolt; for substantially the purposes setforth.

8. A fastening comprising abolt, nut segments each having segmentalfemale threads adapted to engage with the threads of said bolt, a washerengaging said nut segments in such manner as to retain the threads ofsaid bolt and nut segments in engagement and means to prevent said nutsegments from turning upon said bolt for substantially the purposes setforth;

9. A fastening comprising a bolt having male threads; reversible nutsegments, each having segmental female threads adapted to engage withthe threads of the said bolt and surfaces, symmetrically disposed abouta plane at right angles to the axis of the said threads, adapted toengage with suitably formed surfaces of a locking chair; and a lockingchair traversed by the body of the bolt engaging with suitably formedsurfaces of the nut segments in such manner as to retain the threads ofthe nut segments and the threads of the bolt in engagement; forsubstantially the purposes set forth.

10. A fastening including a bolt having male threads, a washer traversedby the body of the bolt and reversible nut segments, each havingsegmental female threads adapted to engage with the threads of said boltand having shoulders at the ends thereof symmetrically disposed aboutthe plane at mid height at right angles to the axis of the threads ofsaid nut segments, adapted to engage with said washer in such manner asto retain the threads of the nut segments in engagement with the threadsof the bolt.

11. A fastening comprising a bolt having male threads; two,substantially like half nuts each having segmental female threadsadapted to engage with the threads of the said bolt and surfaces,symmetrically disposed about a plane at right angles to the axis of thesaid segmental threads, adapted V &

to engage with suitably formed surfaces of a locking chair; and alocking chair traversed by the body of the bolt and engaging withsuitably formed surfacesof the nuts in such manner as to retain thethreads of the said half nuts and the threads of the bolt in engagement;for substantially the purposes set forth.

12. A fastening comprising a bolt having male threads; two,substantially like, reversible, half nuts, each having segmental fe--male threads adapted to engage wit-h the threads of the said bolt andsurfaces, symmetrically disposed about a plane at right angles to theaxis of the said threads, adapted to engage with suitably formedsurfaces of a locking chair; a locking chair traversed by the body ofthe bolt and engaging with suitably formed surfaces of the said halfnuts in such manner as to retain the threads of the half nuts and thethreads of the bolt in engagement; and a key engaging with the bolt andone or both of the said half nuts in such manner as to prevent movementof the nut upon the bolt; for substantially the purposes set forth.

13. A fastening including in combination with a bolt having malethreads, a washer traversed by the body of said bolt and twosubstantially like, reversible half nuts, each constructed Withsegmental female threads said bolt and shoulders symmetrically disposedabout the mid height plane at right angles to the axis of the threads ofsaid half nuts, adapted to engage with said washer in such manner as toretain the threads of the half nuts in engagement with the threads ofthe bolt.

lt. A fastening comprising a bolt having male threads; two,substantially like, reversible, half nuts, each having segmental femalethreads adapted to engage with the threads of the said bolt andshoulders, symmetrically disposed about a plane at right angles to theaxis of the said threads; a washer or locking chair traversed by thebody of the bolt and engaging with shoulders of the said half nuts insuch manner as to retain the threads of the half nuts and the threads ofthe bolt in engagement; and a key engaging with the bolt and one or bothof the half nuts in such manner as to prevent movement of the nut uponthe bolt; for substantially the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

H. G. GILLMOR.- WVitnesses:

H. H. BONNEMORT, H. E. W'ILLIAMs.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. i

